Post-liberalisation analysis shows southern States as leading performers, while Uttar Pradesh and Bihar regressed economically.

After India’s liberalization in 1991, the southern states experienced significant growth in per capita income, emerging as top performers. Meanwhile, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar saw regression in their economic performance. Maharashtra and Gujarat in the west consistently performed well, with Gujarat experiencing rapid growth. Delhi and Haryana in the north also did well, with Haryana’s success largely due to Gurugram. However, Punjab, which initially benefited from the Green Revolution, has seen a decline in performance. Eastern states, particularly West Bengal, have struggled economically. States like Rajasthan and Odisha saw improvements post-liberalization, while Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh have low per capita income levels.