Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun won the Nobel Prize for discovering microRNA in human DNA. This genetic switch can turn gene functions on or off and has great potential for treating diseases like cancer and viral infections. MicroRNA acts as a switch to control other genes, which was previously overlooked by science. Each cell in the body has the same DNA instructions, but microRNAs help determine cell function. They are promising for fighting cancer by either suppressing tumor growth or promoting cell division. This discovery adds complexity to gene regulation and reveals the importance of non-coding regions in DNA.
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